In Situ hybridization and light and electron microscopes of cervical squamous cell carcinoma infected with human Papillomavirus

Aim of the work-In Egypt cervical carcinoma is ranked as a number 6 of all malignant tumors. There is growing evidence that the human papillomavirus [HPV] is associated with the development of cervical cancer

Patients and Methods-The present study hunted HPV in Egyptian biopsies of cervical cancer by using in situ hybridization [ISH] technique .Light microscopy and ultra-structural features accompanied by squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of the cervix were monitored

Results-The ultra structural study revealed viral particles in some epithelial cell nuclei and cytoplasm in the moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. These were suggested to be Herpes Simplex Virus [HSV]

Conclusion-The potential relation between HPV and HSV in the incidence of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma is discussed

Pattern of immunological response in epithelial ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality from GYN malignancies as high proportion of women present with advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis. The infiltration of human tumor by mononuclear cells called tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes [TILs] is well known in large number of tumors including melanoma, lung, breast and ovarian cancer. TILs may represent an active immune response against the tumor which may lead to more favorable prognosis and increased survival. TILs represent a mixture of T lymphocytes both helper [CD4+] in small amounts and suppressor or cytotoxic T cells [CD8+], natural killer cells [CD16+] and macrophages [CD68+]. 52 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 21 cases of benign ovarian tumors were investigated immunohistochemically for the ratio of [CD8+] cells and [CD68+] cells. Our results have shown that [CD8+] were seen in all malignant case with percentage varied from 10% To 60% with a mean of 24.23% while in the benign group [CD8+] cells were only seen in 6 cases and its percentage varied from 0% to 30% this difference was statically highly significant P = 0.009. [CD68+] cells were seen in all malignant cases with percentage varied from 10% to 80% with a mean 51.15% while in the benign group [CD68+] were seen only in 12 cases [57.14%] and its percentage varied from 0% to 90% with a mean of [32.86%] this difference was statistically highly significant [P = 0.006]. There was no correlation between the ratio of infiltrating [CD8+] and [CD68+] cells and tumor grade but [CD68+] infiltration was significantly higher in mucinous than serous cancers [P = 0.0005] lastly correlation between the mean number of [CD8+] and [CD68+] in malignant cases revealed a negative linear relationship means increase in the level of [CD8+] cells was associated with decrease in the level of [CD68+] [P = 0.0002]. Cytototic T ceils.[CD8+] and macrophages [CD68+] constitute a major component of the host immune response in ovarian malignancy

Serum and tissue CEA in gastric mucosa of patients with hepatosplenomegaly

This work was carried out to clarify the possibility of neoplastic transformation in patients with atrophic gastritis complicating endemic hepatosplenomegaly and to identify those with or at a special risk of developing premalignant or malignant gastric lesions. Estimation of CEA in the gastric tissue and serum of these patients will be our tool. This study was carried out on 3 groups. The study group included 35 patients having endemic hepatosplenomegaly associated with atrophic gastritis, the control group one comprised 10 normal individuals and control groups II included 18 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. After detailed history, full clinical examination all study groups were subjected to complete urine and stool analysis and gastric biopsies were taken by endoscopy and stained by H and E. Paraffin section were further stained by tissue CEA and lastly serum estemation of CEA level was evaluated. These results were statistically analysed tissue CEA was positive in [37.1%], study group compared to 0% in normal individuals and [100%] in control group in having gastric adenocarcinoma while serum CEA was insignificantly higher than in normal group and significantly lower than control group II. No significant association was found between serum CEA and degree of mucosal atrophy. More over no significant association was found between serum CEA and tissue CEA in study group. These data conclude that atrophic gastritis complicating hepatosplenomegaly have increase incidence of tissue CEA than normal. Twenty per cent of those patients had level serum CEA higher than the cut off value denoting that these patients are at higher risk of developing carcinoma